This paper deals with the economic development of Tanzania and especially with the development of the smallholders. My aim is to study whether the Structural Adjustment Programmes have helped to facilitate growth in the agricultural and export-sector and if the reforms implemented through the programmes have made agricultural specialization easier and improved the economic situation for the smallholders.In this paper, I will discuss that there might be significant limitations in the favours received due to SAP and that the Structural Adjustment Programmes because of this may not be the model for agricultural development as it is claimed by the initiators; the World Bank and the IMF. On the contrary, I present the idea that SAP can be said to have failed in its undertaking and that the reforms might not be suitable for the smallholder sector. I will in the paper argue that SAP has not facilitated an agricultural specialization and that this has much to do with the increase of production costs that the smallholders have been faced with after the reforms. And because of this it could be argued that the Structural Adjustment Programmes might not be an appropriate development strategy for Tanzania, if the country is to achieve growth through specialization. Consequently, there might be reason to believe that the reforms not are overall suitable for the Tanzanian development, considering that a growth within the agricultural smallholder sector is crucial for Tanzania to achieve a long term economic growth.
Contents
3 Introduction
3.1 Purpose
3.2 Hypothesis
3.3 Questions at issue
4 Method and sources
4.1 The case study
4.1.1 Semi-structured interviews
4.2 Statistics
4.3 Limitations of the references
4.2.1 Interviews
4.2.2 Secondary sources
5 Theory
5.1 Neoclassical Trade Theory
6 Agriculture and smallholder production in Tanzania
6.1 Recapitulating development and agricultural production stages in Post-Colonial Tanzania
6.2 Structural Adjustment Programmes, from 1986 and onwards
6.3 Adjustment still to come
7 Economical reforms in the agricultural sector
8 The Tanzanian coffee sector
9 Results; Growth and specialization in Tanzania, prior to and during SAP
9.1 Quantitative data
9.1.1 Economic growth
9.1.2 Trade
9.1.3 Specialization
9.2 Qualitative data
9.2.1 The case study of Haraa
9.2.2 Income diversification and risk aversion
10 Analysis
10.1 Assessing the reforms
10.2 Discussion
10.3 Research proposals
11 References
11.1 Published sources
11.2 Non-published sources
11.2.1 Interviews
11.2.2 Articles, Reports, and Internet sources
11.2.3 Lectures
Author: Börjeson, Natasja
Source: Sodertorn University
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