The Mixtape: A Case Study in Emancipatory Journalism

During the 1970s the rap music mixtape developed alongside hip-hop as an underground method of mass communication. Initially created by disc-jockeys in an era prior to popular “urban” radio and video formats, these mixtapes represented an alternative, circumventing traditional mass medium. However, as hip-hop has come under increasing corporate control within a larger consolidated media ownership environment, so too has the mixtape had to face the challenge of maintaining its autonomy. This media ownership consolidation, vertically and horizontally integrated, has facilitated further colonial control….

Contents

Chapter I: Introduction: Polemics, Emancipation and Revolution
The Mixtape and FreeMix Radio
Mixtapes and the Panopticon View
It’s Not Really “Radio;” It’s Underground
Mixtape Flexibility
Hip-Hop: From Free Expression to Commodity
Hip-Hop and the Mixtape
Uses of the Mixtape
The Mixtape as Emancipatory Journalism and the Challenge of “Conventional Wisdom”
Chapter II: Literature Review Emancipatory Journalism
Emancipatory Journalism and the West
Colonialism and Resistance Media: A Liberating Response to Conventional Wisdom
The Issue of Culture
Through the Colonial Lens
The Political Economy of Colonization
Control and Hegemony
Colonization, Culture and Politics
Resistance Media: Historical Context
Resistance Takes Shape
The Complexity of Education
Further Development of Resistance Media
Extension of Resistance to Pop Culture
The Present Research and Colonialism
Chapter III: FreeMix Radio and the Problematic of Hip-Hop, Culture and Journalism
Sound, Music and Social/Political Organization
Music, Speech and Ethnomusicology
Study of the Mixtape
Radio and the Mixtape
Copyright and the Lack of Media Diversity
Payola
Chapter IV: The Focus Groups
Chapter V: Analysis: The Mixtape and The Focus Groups
From the Basement to the Streets: FreeMix Radio, Mixtape Production and the Hows, Whys and Whos
The Mixtape, Politics and Organizational Development
A Quick Word about the White Left
The Economy of Free Exchange
Demographics of the Study
Focus Group Responses
Going Forward from the Focus Groups
The Colonial Psyche
Chapter VI: Conclusions
Northeast Washington, DC
The Mixtape as Hope’s 21st Century Representative
Suggested Uses of this Analysis
Recommendations/Future Study
Bibliography

Author: Ball, Jared

Source: University of Maryland

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