Phonocardiographic signals consist of bioacoustic info highlighting the functioning of the heart. Usually there are 2 heart sounds, and other sounds suggest disease. If a third heart sound exists it might be a indication of heart failure while a murmur implies defective valves or an orifice in the septal wall. The key purpose of this dissertation is to use signal processing tools to enhance the diagnostic importance of these details. Specifically, 3 distinct methods have been formulated…
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Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. AIM OF THE THESIS
1.2. THESIS OUTLINE
2. PRELIMINARIES ON HEART SOUNDS AND HEART MURMURS
2.1. PHYSICS OF SOUND
2.2. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART
2.3. HEART SOUNDS
2.4. HEART MURMURS
2.5. AUSCULTATION AND THE PHONOCARDIOGRAM
2.6. ACQUISITION OF PHONOCARDIOGRAPHIC SIGNALS
2.6.1. Sensors
2.6.2. Pre-processing, digitalization and storage
3. SIGNAL ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK
3.1. MEASURING CHARACTERISTICS THAT VARY IN TIME
3.1.1. Intensity
3.1.2. Frequency
3.2. NONLINEAR SYSTEMS AND EMBEDOLOGY
3.3. NONLINEAR ANALYSIS TOOLS
3.3.1. Non-integer dimensions
3.3.2. Recurrence quantification analysis
3.3.3. Higher order statistics
3.4. NONLINEAR PREDICTION
4. PROPERTIES OF PHONOCARDIOGRAPHIC SIGNALS
4.1. TIME AND FREQUENCY
4.1.1. Murmurs from stenotic semilunar valves
4.1.2. Murmurs from regurgitant atrioventricular valves
4.1.3. Murmurs caused by septal defects
4.1.4. Quantifying the results
4.2. HIGHER ORDER STATISTICS
4.3. RECONSTRUCTED STATE SPACES
4.3.1. Quantifying the reconstructed state space
4.3.2. Recurrence time statistics
4.4. FRACTAL DIMENSION
5. APPLICATIONS IN PHONOCARDIOGRAPHIC SIGNAL PROCESSING
5.1. SEGMENTATION OF THE PHONOCARDIOGRAPHIC SIGNAL
5.2. FINDING S3
5.3. FILTERING OUT SIGNAL COMPONENTS
5.4. CLASSIFICATION OF MURMURS
5.4.1. Feature extraction
5.4.2. Finding relevant features
5.4.3. Classifying murmurs
6. DISCUSSION
6.1. CONTEXT OF THE PAPERS
6.2. PATIENTS AND DATA SETS
6.2.1. Measurement noise
6.3. METHODOLOGY
6.4. FUTURE WORK
6.4.1. Clinical validation
6.4.2. Multi-sensor approach
6.4.3. Dimension reduction
6.4.4. Choosing an appropriate classifier
7. REVIEW OF PAPERS
7.1. PAPER I, HEART SOUND CANCELLATION….
Source: Linköping University
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