The rapid degradation of conventional material piling is one of the major problems in the bridge and civil infrastructure industry. Conventional construction materials have major disadvantages that increase their maintenance cost and reduce their service life especially in aggressive environments. The use of advanced composite materials such as Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) offers a better alternative to conventional building materials in terms of strength, weight, durability, and life cycle cost. Integral abutment bridges are a special type of bridges that are built without bearings or expansion joints. These bridges are usually subjected to cycles of expansion and contraction that causes horizontal movements of the pile foundations. Accommodating such movements requires some flexibility in the piling system. Fiber reinforced composites (FRPs) have the strength and flexibility and can be custom designed as needed. An extensive literature and market survey indicated that composite …
Author: Jaradat, Yaser
Source: University of Maryland
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Contents
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.2 BACKGROUND
1.3 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE
1.4 THESIS ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER 2 – COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 FRP IN AEROSPACE INDUSTRY
2.3 FRP COMPOSITES FOR BRIDGE APPLICATIONS
2.3.1 Structural Considerations
2.4 REPAIR AND REHABILITAION OF EXISTING STRUCTRES
2.5 COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR PILING
2.5.1 The 69thStreet Composite Pier
2.5.2 Cape May – Lewes Ferry Dolphins
2.5.3 The CPAR Program
2.5.4 The NELP Program
2.6 HYBRIDIZATION TECHNIQUE
2.7 COMPOSITE PILES IN THE MARKET
2.8 DRIVABLITY OF FRP COMPOSITE PILES
CHAPTER 3 – MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 MATERIAL COMPOSITION
3.2.1 Reinforcing Fibers
3.2.2 Resins
3.3 RULES OF MIXTURE
3.3.1 Stress-Strain Relations
3.4 FAILURE CRITERIA
3.4.1 Maximum Stress Criterion
3.4.2 Maximum Strain Criterion
3.4.3 Tsai-Hill Failure Criterion
3.4.4 Tsai-Wu Failure Criterion
3.5 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
CHAPTER 4 – SOIL-PILE INTERACTION
4.1 CLASSIFICATION OF PILES
4.2 CHOICE OF PILING METHOD AND ECONOMIC OF DESIGN
4.3 SELECTION OF FOUNDATION
4.4 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR PILES
4.5 FORCES ACTING ON PILES
4.5.1 Axially Loaded Piles
4.5.2 Laterally Loaded Piles
4.6 PILE SECTIONS
4.7 PILING MATERIALS
4.7.1 Steel Piles
4.7.2 Concrete Piles
4.7.3 Timber Piles
4.8 SOIL-PILE BEHAVIOR
4.9 LOAD – DISPLACEMENT BEHAVIOR
4.9.1 Laterally Loaded Piles
4.9.2 Subgrade Reaction Method
4.9.3 Load-Displacement Curves
4.9.4 Axially Loaded Piles
4.9.5 The Modified Ramberg Osgood Model
4.10 PILES IN INTEGRAL BRIDGES
4.11 COMPOSITE PILES FOR INTEGRAL BRIDGES
CHAPTER 5 – FORMULATION OF THE NUMERICAL MODEL
5.1 ANALYSIS TOOLS
5.2 BUILDING THE COMPUTER MODEL
5.2.1 Selecting The Coordinates System
5.2.2 Generation of The Solid Model
5.3 ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
5.4 STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS
5.5 SOIL-PILE MODEL
CHAPTER 6 – BEHAVIOR OF PILES AND PILING MATERIALS
6.1 SELECTION OF PILES
6.2 SELECTION OF PILE SECTIONS
6.3 FRP COMPOSITE PILES
6.4 SOIL BEHAVIORS
6.5 STRESS-STRAIN MODELS FOR FRP CONFINED CONCRETE
6.6 STRESSES IN FRP COMPOSITES
6.7 BEHAVIOR OF LATERALLY LOADED COMPOSITE PILES
6.7.1 Friction Piles
6.7.2 End-Bearing Piles
6.8 AXIAL STRESSES AND DEFORMATIONS
6.9 BENDING STRESSES
CHAPTER 7 – NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE FRP PILE-SOIL INTERACTION
7.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION
7.2 THE SOIL-PILE MODEL
7.3 MAXIMUM LOAD CAPACITY
7.4 EFFECT OF THE DIFFERENT PARAMETERS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF LATERALLY
LOADED PILES
7.4.1 Soil Type
7.4.2 Concrete Filling
7.4.3 Material Type
7.4.4 Layer Orientation
7.4.5 Cross-Section Area
7.4.6 Predrilled Hole
7.4.7 Section Geometry
CHAPTER 8 – OPTIMIZATION OF COMPOSITE PILES
8.1 COMPOSITE MATERIALS OPTIMIZATION
8.2 ELEMENTS OF OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM
8.2.1 Design Variables
8.2.2 Desing Constraints
8.2.3 Objective Function
8.3 DESIGN SETS
8.4 OPTIMAL LAMINATE CONFIGURATIONS
8.5 FAILURE CRITERIA
8.6 OPTIMIZATION OF LAYER ORIENTATIONS
8.6.1 Optimization of The Hollow Double-Web Pile
8.7 OPTIMIZATION OF THE SECTION GEOMETRY FOR MINIMUM STRESSES
8.8 OPTIMIZATION OF THE PILE SECTION FOR BEST AXIAL LOAD
CHAPTER 9-SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS.287
9.1 SUMMARY
9.2 CONCLUSIONS
9.2.1 Literature and Market Survey
9.2.2 Present Study
9.3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
BIBLIOGRAPHY