TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is the most important transport level protocol used on the Internet today. When the Internet is moving towards more use in mobile applications it is getting more important to know how TCP works for this purpose. One of the technologies used for mobile Internet is the Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (EGPRS) extension to the popular GSM system. This thesis presents a low-level analysis of TCP performance in an EGPRS system and an overview of existing TCP, GSM and EGPRS technologies. The bottleneck in an EGPRS system is the wireless link – the connection between the mobile phone and the GSM base station…
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation for This Thesis
1.2 Methodology
1.3 Organization of This Thesis
2 Transmission Control Protocol
2.1 Introduction to TCP
2.2 Basic TCP Mechanisms
2.2.1 The TCP Header
2.2.2 Sliding Window, Queuing and Acknowledgements
2.3 Retransmission Timer Management
2.4 Connection Establishment and Shutdown
2.4.1 Three-Way Handshake
2.4.2 Symmetric Release
2.5 TCP Options
2.5.1 Maximum Segment Size (MSS) Option
2.5.2 Window Scale Option
2.5.3 Timestamp Option
2.6 TCP Congestion Control
2.6.1 Congestion Avoidance
2.6.2 Slow Start
2.6.3 Retransmission Timeouts
2.6.4 (NewReno) Fast retransmit and Fast Recovery
2.6.5 Selective Acknowledgement (SACK
2.6.6 Duplicate Selective Acknowledgement (D-SACK)
2.6.7 Limited Transmit
2.6.8 Rate-Halving
2.6.9 Automatic Receive Buffer Tuning
2.6.10 TCP Vegas
2.7 Network Based Congestion Control
2.7.1 Drop-Tail Queue Management
2.7.2 Random Early Detection (RED)
2.7.3 Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)
2.7.4 ICMP Source Quench
2.8 Other TCP Mechanisms
3 The GPRS Subsystem of GSM
3.1 The GSM System
3.2 GSM Nodes
3.3 GSM Radio Interface
3.4 Data in the GSM system
3.5 The GPRS Subsystem
3.6 Changes to the GSM Radio Interface
3.7 GPRS Nodes21
3.8 The GPRS Protocol Stack
3.8.1 Application Layer
3.8.2 Transport Layer
3.8.3 Network Layer
3.8.4 Data Link Layer
3.8.5 Physical Layer
3.8.6 Tunneling Protocols
4 A TCP Traffic Generator for GPRS
4.1 Background
4.1.1 The TSS System
4.2 Requirements
4.2.1 Important TCP Mechanisms
4.2.2 Model of the Internet
4.3 Implementation Details
4.3.1 User-Adjustable Parameters
4.3.2 User Models
4.4 Software Setup and Simulation Limitations
4.4.1 The Protocol Stack
4.4.2 The PCU Simulator
4.5 Conclusions
5 TCP Performance over RLC/MAC
5.1 Introduction
5.2 TCP Connection Establishment over RLC/MAC
5.2.1 Access Modes (Different Ways to Establish Uplink TBFs)
5.2.2 Changing between Downlink and Uplink TBFs
5.2.3 Interactive Sessions
5.3 Uplink Acknowledgement Clustering
5.4 RLC and TCP Retransmissions
5.4.1 The TCP Retransmission Timer in GPRS
5.5 Buffers in RLC and TCP
5.5.1 RLC Buffer Sizes
5.5.2 TCP Advertised Window
5.6 Uplink TCP
5.7 Conclusions
6 Conclusions
Appendix A. Additional Figures
Appendix B. TCP Feature Importance Rating
Appendix C. Introduction to Network Software
Bibliography
Copyright Notice
Author: Adolfsson, Klas
Source: Linköping University
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