Vehicle Shaping for Mine Blast Damage Reduction

When a buried explosive is detonated beneath a target (such as a vehicle), the target is rapidly loaded by flying ejecta, high pressure gas, and shock waves. This paper explores how changes in the shape of the underside of a target affect the total impulse captured from the detonation of a buried charge. The effects of changes in target height and charge burial depth are also examined. Testing was conducted on dihedral target plates using 0.636 gram charges. These were buried in saturated sand at three depths, and shaped targets were placed at four heights above the surface. The impulse applied to the plate by the exploding charge was determined through analysis of high speed digital video recordings. Changing the geometry of the target reduced the impulse by up to 45%. Increasing standoff distance reduced impulse by up to 70%

Author: Genson, Kevin William

Source: University of Maryland

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Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction & Background Overview
1.1 Antivehicular (AV) Mines
1.2 Casualty Mechanisms
1.3 Physics of Mine Blasts
1.3.1 Early Interaction & Shock
1.3.2 Gas Expansion
1.3.3 Soil Ejecta
1.4 Load Mechanism Components
1.4.1 Shock Load
1.4.2 Impact Load
1.4.3 Distributed Load
1.5 Parameter Investigaton
1.5.1 Standoff Distance
1.5.2 Depth of Burial
1.5.3 Soil Condition
1.5.4 Target Shape
1.6 Blast Scaling
Chapter 2: Research Equipment Overview
2.1 Explosive Charge
2.2 Phantom Digital Camera System
2.3 Phantom Software
2.4 Firing System
2.5 Dummy Charge
2.6 Trigger Mechanism
2.7 Test Bed Area
2.8 Target Plates
Chapter 3: Research MethodologyOverview
3.1 Dihedral Plate Fabrication
3.1.1 Dihedral Plate Machining Procedure
3.2 636 mg Charge Fabrication
3.3 Initial Setup and Testing
3.3.1 Test Bed Setup
3.2.2 Camera Setup
3.2.3 Testing
3.4 Data Collection and Analysis
3.4.1 Collection of Data
3.4.2 Analysis of Data
Chapter 4: ResultsOverview
4.1 Presentation of Target Shape Findings
4.1.1 Results at Constant Depth of Burial
4.1.2 Results at Constant Plate Angle
4.1.3 Results at Constant Standoff Distance
4.1.4 Pyramid v. Dihedral Shaped Plates
4.2 Discussion of Target Shape Findings
4.2.1 Standoff Distance
4.2.2 Depth of Burial
4.2.3 Dihedral Plate Angle
4.3 Scaling and Expected Values
4.4 Blast Damage Effects: Erosion and Impact
4.4.1 Impact Region
4.4.2 Erosion Region
Chapter 5: Summary & Conclusions
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusions
5.3 Future Work
Appendix A: Deformable Plate Shapes
Appendix B: Additional Target Shapes
B.1 Pyramid and Dihedral Shapes
B.2 Pyramid Grid Target Shapes
Appendix C: Standoff Distance Measured from Centroid
Glossary
References

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