Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic, autoimmune disease caused by a T cell mediated destruction of ß-cells in pancreas. The development of T1D is determined by a combination of genetic susceptibility genes and environmental factors involved in the pathogenesis of T1D.This thesis aimed to investigate diverse environmental and immunological risk factors associated with the development of T1D…
Contents
Introduction to immunology
Basic immunology
Cytotoxic T cells
Helper T cells
B cells and antibodies
The immunological synapse
Down-regulation of response
T helper cells
Cytokines, cytokine receptors and transcription factors of TH
subtypes
Naturally occurring regulatory T cells
Introduction to diabetes mellitus
Definition and diagnosis of diabetes
Classification of diabetes mellitus
Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes
Aetiology of type 1 diabetes
Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes
Genetic risk of type 1 diabetes
Human leukocyte antigen
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4
Inducible co-stimulator
Lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase
Autoantibodies against β-cell antigens
Insulin
Glutamic acid decarboxylase
Tyrosine phosphatase–like insulinoma antigen-2
Environmental factors
Viral infections
Cow’s milk
Gluten
β-cell stress
T cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes
AIM OF THE THESIS
SUBJECTS & METHODS
Study populations
Healthy school children
The ABIS study
Type 1 diabetic patients
Methods
Measurement of autoantibodies
HLA genotyping
Single nucleotide polymorphism
Preparation of peripheral mononuclear cells
Real-time polymerase chain reaction
Stimulation of peripheral mononuclear cells
Cell proliferation
Enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay
Multiplex cytokine assay
Flow cytometry
Statistical methods
Ethical considerations
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…
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Author: Walldén
Source: Linköping University
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