To investigate what kind of innovative ways developing countries can finance telecommunication and on the basis of that also investigate if there is a connection between financing telecommunication and poverty reduction.
Method:A qualitative study by using interview, questionnaire survey and a theoretical background. We have investigated what innovative ways of financing telecommunication that exist, but also to see if financing telecommunication could reduce poverty, which suits our purpose.
Result:The most innovative way a country or company can finance telecommunication is finding the right combination of financing ways and strategies, to have the knowledge of which ways to choose from is a key in finding the optimal combination for a country or company.The main advantage by using a combination of strategies and financing ways is that the risks will be reduced, which is an innovative way of financing telecommunication. This will attract more investors, because they will get better security on their investments.By the result of the questionnaire survey we see that there is a lack of knowledge among ways to finance telecommunication, therefore it is important to inform companies and countries of both traditional ways and what makes a specific financing way innovative, which will give them a fair chance to find ways that suits their basic conditions.We found a link between telecommunication and poverty reduction hence by financing telecommunication projects in developing countries will result in some form of poverty reduction.
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Author: Daniel Hattenbach, Johan Wahlström
Source: Blekinge Institute of Technology
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 What are developing countries?
1.1.1 What does the economy look like in developing countries?
1.1.2 Traditional methods of financing telecommunication in developing countries
1.2 Why developing countries should invest?
1.3 Investing in telecommunication projects – a multiplication effect?
1.4 What is Information and Communications Technology?
1.5 Where and what is a developing country in context of ICT?
1.6 The digital divide
1.6.1 How wide is the divide?
1.7 What is the role of the ICT in poverty reduction?
1.8 Problem formulation
1.9 Purpose
1.10 Earlier Studies
1.11 Thesis structure and outline
2. METHODOLOGY
2.1 The road to answering our purpose
2.2 Data collection methods
2.2.1 Primary data
2.2.2 Secondary data
2.3 Survey questions
2.4 Choice of Interview
2.5 Choice of developing countries
2.6 Choice of case country
2.7 Source critique
3. THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL BACKGROUND
3.1 What is creative or innovative financing?
3.2 What is financial engineering?
3.3 Ways to finance telecommunication
3.3.1 Strategies
3.3.1.1 Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT)
3.3.1.2 Build-Transfer-Operate (BTO)
3.3.1.3 Build-Own-Operate (BOO)
3.3.1.4 Build-Lease-Transfer (BLT)
3.3.1.5 Fiber-optic cable or satellite
3.3.1.6 Privatisation
3.3.1.7 Acronyms
3.3.2 Financing ways
3.3.2.1 Leasing
3.3.2.2 Joint venture loans
3.3.2.3 Gifts
3.3.2.4 Guarantees
3.3.2.5 Telecom subsidies
3.3.2.6 Aid
3.3.2.7 Cross-border initiatives
3.3.2.8 Vendor and supplier financing
3.3.2.9 High yield dept (junk bonds)
3.3.2.10 Reverse bid
3.3.2.11 Pre-Paid
3.3.2.12 Options
3.3.2.13 Self financing
3.3.2.14 Public Private Partnership
3.3.2.15 Domestic ways of financing telecommunication investments
3.4 The risks associated with the ways to finance telecommunication
3.4.1 Financial risks
3.4.2 Other typically risks in telecommunication projects
3.4.3 Policy measures to reduce or avoid risk
3.4.4 Risks associated with different ways to finance telecommunication
3.4.4.1 Other financial risks that do not directly involve a loan
3.4.5 Non financial risks
3.4.6 Risk management
3.4.6.1 Examples of successful risk management
3.5 Leverage effects on ways to finance telecommunication
3.6 Financial development and economic growth
3.6.1 Empirical evidence
3.7 Foreign direct investment and economic growth
3.7.1 Factors that attract FDI
3.7.2 Empirical evidence
3.7.3 How beneficial is FDI for developing countries?
3.8 Economic growth and poverty reduction
3.9 The importance of telecommunication for economic growth
4. EMPIRICAL DATA
4.1 Survey
4.1.1 Ways the participants has financed telecommunication to present date
4.1.2 Ways the participants have used to present date that they find creative
4.1.3 Examples of ways to finance telecommunication that is creative
4.1.4 Awareness of existing creative financing tools
4.1.5 Telecommunication as a tool to reduce poverty
4.1.6 Connection between financing telecommunication and reducing poverty
4.1.7 Ways telecommunication will reduce poverty
4.1.8 Factors that speed up the telecommunication development
4.1.9 Currently ways of financing telecommunication
4.1.10 Combinations of financing ways
4.2 Interview
4.2.1 Ways to finance telecommunication projects
4.2.2 What SIDA has done in Uganda
4.2.3 Telecommunication and poverty alleviation
4.3 Successful developing countries
4.4 Case study: Uganda
4.4.1 Background
4.4.2 Telecommunication development
4.4.3 Economic growth
4.4.4 Economic reforms attracts FDI and contributes to economic growth
4.4.5 Telecommunication and economic growth in Uganda
4.4.6 Ways Uganda has financed telecommunication
4.4.6.1 Summary of ways Uganda has used financed telecommunication
5. ANALYSIS
5.1 Survey
5.2 Interview
5.3 Countries that we have studied closer
5.4 Case: Uganda
5.5 Do investments in telecommunication infrastructure reduce poverty?
6. FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND FURTHER RESEARCH
6.1 Findings and conclusions
6.2 Further research
7. SOURCES
7.1 Literature
7.2 Articles
7.3 Internet
7.4 Personal communication and company information references
8. EXPLANATIONS OF WORDS
9. APPENDIX
9.1 A. Survey Questions
9.2 B. Interview Questions (Swedish)
9.3 C. Choice of Countries
9.4 D. Country Profiles
9.5 E. Financial Structure
4.1.4 Delivery which also includes contract
4.1.5 Complaints
4.1.6 Customer care
4.2WORKFLOW QOS
4.3 BREAKDOWNS IN WORKFLOW
5 IDENTIFICATION OF GROWTH FACTORS
5.1 HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
5.2 TECHNOLOGIES
5.3 CUSTOMER CARE
5.4 MULTILINGUAL APPROACH IN SOUTH ASIAN MARKETS
6 CONCLUSIONS
7 OWN CONTRIBUTION AND FUTURE WORK
8 REFERENCES
8.1 BOOKS AND PAPERS
8.2 OTHER REFERENCES
Appendix 4: Tolerance