The phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer is a critical device of wireless transceivers. It works as a local oscillator (LO) for frequency translation and channel selection in the transceivers but suffers phase noise including reference spurs.…
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Contributions
1.3 Organization of Dissertation
2 Frequency Synthesizers
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Phase Noise
2.3 Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer
2.4 PLL-based Frequency Synthesizer
2.4.1 Integer-N PLL Frequency Synthesizer
2.4.2 Multi-loop PLL Frequency Synthesizer
2.4.3 Fractional-N PLL Frequency Synthesizers
2.5 PLL Frequency Synthesizer Building Blocks
2.5.1 Voltage Controlled Oscillator
2.5.1.1 LC Oscillator
2.5.1.2 LC VCO Topologies
2.5.1.3 LC VCO Phase Noise Model
2.5.2 Frequency Dividers
2.5.2.1 The Dual Modulus Divider
2.5.2.2 A Multi-Modulus Divider
2.5.2.3 Logic Implementation of the Prescaler Cells
2.5.3 Phase Frequency Detector and Charge Pump [26], [28]
3 Analysis of PLL Frequency Synthesizer
3.1 Linear PLL Model Analysis
3.1.1 Second Order PLL [25], [26}
3.1.2 Third Order PLL
3.1.3 Fourth Order PLL
3.2 Noise in Phase-locked loops
3.3 CMOS LC VCOs
3.3.1 A Model for a Complementary Cross-coupled LC VCO Phase Noise Analysis
3.3.2 Phase Noise Analysis for the Narrowband and Wideband VCOs
3.3.3 A Complementary Cross-coupled VCO Design
3.3.3.1 Inductors
3.3.3.2 A VCO Design
3.3.4 Wideband VCO Tuning Range Analysis
3.3.5 Wideband VCO Constant Amplitude Control Scheme
iv3.4 Frequency Divider
3.4.1 A Dual-Modulus Frequency Divider for IEEE 802.11b/g
3.4.2 Source Coupled Logic
3.5 Charge Pump
3.5.1 Reference Spur Feedthrough
3.5.2 Analysis of CMOS Charge Pump Circuits
3.6 Σ∆ Modulators………
4 Circuit Design of PLL Frequency Synthesizer
4.1 The 2.4GHz Fractional-N PLL Frequency Synthesizer
4.1.1 Implementation
4.1.2 Selection of Parameters
4.2 A Wideband LC VCO Design
4.2.1 A Wideband VCO
4.2.2 Automatic Amplitude Control
4.3 Programmable Frequency Dividers
4.3.1 Multi-Modulus Frequency Divider…
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5 Summary and Future Work
Bibliography
Author: He, Xinhua
Source: University of Maryland